Культурологічний альманах

VALUE SYSTEM AS THE FOUNDATION OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN MODERN SOCIETY

2025-01-07T14:18:13+02:00

In the rapidly changing modern world influenced by globalization, technological progress, and social transformations, the issue of preserving cultural identity becomes particularly relevant. This article examines the key role of the value system in forming and maintaining the cultural identity of society, analyzing its constituent elements, contemporary challenges, and adaptation strategies. The value system represents a complex of fundamental principles, beliefs, and ideals that define the worldview, behavior, and life orientations of both individuals and entire communities. It includes moral and ethical norms, traditions, customs, religious beliefs, attitudes towards key aspects of life (family, work, education), and basic concepts of justice, freedom, and equality. This system is formed over centuries under the influence of historical experience, geographical conditions, economic factors, and cultural interactions. Cultural identity, in turn, is a set of characteristics that determine the belonging of an individual or group to a particular culture. It includes language, religion, traditions, art, and other elements that together create a unique cultural code. The value system acts as a kind of “skeleton” of cultural identity, providing it with structure and content. The article examines in detail the components of the value system and their influence on the formation of cultural identity. The article analyzes how these components interact and create a unique cultural profile of society. Special attention is paid to the challenges faced by traditional value systems in the modern globalized world: cultural globalization through the spread of global mass culture can lead to the erosion of local cultural features. Digital technologies and social networks are transforming ways of communication and community formation, affecting traditional values. The growing mobility of the population leads to the collision of different cultural systems within one society. Changes in economic models affect labor values and social structures. The article examines various strategies that societies use to adapt their value systems to new realities while preserving cultural identity. Selective adaptation as the integration of new elements that do not contradict core values, while preserving key traditional values. Cultural synthesis through the creation of new cultural forms that combine elements of different traditions. Conscious appeal to historical roots and restoration of forgotten cultural practices. Education and cultural policy: purposeful efforts by the state and civil society to preserve and promote national culture. Openness to intercultural exchange while maintaining one’s own identity. An important aspect emphasized in the article is the role of individual and collective reflection in the process of adapting the value system. The ability of society to critically comprehend its values, openly discuss their relevance, and find a balance between tradition and innovation is key to the healthy development of culture. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of preserving cultural diversity on a global scale. Unique value systems of different cultures are seen as a source of innovative ideas and approaches to solving global problems. At the same time, it emphasizes the need to develop intercultural dialogue and search for common values that could become the basis for global ethics and cooperation. In summary, the article argues that the value system remains the fundamental basis of cultural identity even in a rapidly changing world. The ability of societies to adapt their values while preserving their essence is key to cultural survival and development. Understanding the dynamics of these processes is critically important for politicians, educators, cultural figures, and all those interested in preserving the rich cultural heritage of humanity.

CRITICAL THINKING AS A STRATEGIC RESOURCE OF A PERSON’S PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES IN A POLYCULTURAL SOCIETY

2025-01-07T14:27:31+02:00

The publication carries out a socio-philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of critical thinking as a strategic resource of a person’s professional activity in a multicultural society under conditions of new realities of the postindustrial architecture of the world economy. It is noted that the full-scale war of the independent Ukrainian state against the Russian Federation for its sovereignty and territorial integrity increases the relevance of studying the problem of the integration of each free country into the structurally organized mechanism of the globalized world with the aim of long-term mutually beneficial partnership and ensuring stable socio-economic development. It was established that the professional competences of each individual create the active social potential of the state, thankfully to the intensive development of research institutions and the educational process, which indirectly increases the need for a critical understanding of their development in a specific field of modern production. The results of the conducted research are the following provisions: 1) within a multicultural society, the volume of professional knowledge acquires its unique systematicity and coherence, as well as determines the relative independence of the laws of existence of social mind and collective effectiveness; 2) against the background of contradictions of transition to fundamentally new foundations of socio-economic paradigm of the globalized world, there is a structural complication of the cognitive process itself, when a modern specialist learns not only the methods of competent assessment of economic and economic knowledge, their humanitarian nature and the semantic field of culture, but also begins to take into account powerful informational factor of influence on the system of formation of modern symbols and signs in the political-ideological mechanism of social relations; 3) growing possibilities of robotics require a new methodological structure and principles of building educational programs for specialists who must possess the basics of critical thinking, therefore, the key educational competence of a future specialist is rational experimental and practical understanding of the world and skills for managing the latest technological mechanisms of subject-material transformation of reality. It was proven that the process of cognitive appropriation of knowledge and critical thinking skills by a modern specialist, firstly, stimulates the situation of self-actualization of the natural qualities of an individual; secondly, defines the basis of intellectual activity as the idea of openness of social space for the latest innovative approaches with an emphasis on effective results; thirdly, it contributes to the understanding of socio-cultural heritage as a manifestation of activity of its subjects, the possibility of the existence of various worldview guidelines and liberal rules of social behaviour.

CULTURAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL CRISIS ROOTS OF CLASSICAL MIND IN HANS-GEORG GADAMER INTERPRETATION

2025-01-07T14:34:40+02:00

The historical, philosophical, and socio-cultural changes affecting the integrity of society highlight the crisis facing classical thinking within the context of modern global anthropology. Today, the study of the ontological foundations of this crisis is vital for philosophically understanding a world that seeks to explain the subjectivity, irrationality, and dynamism of human nature. This inquiry is directly connected to existing worldview issues, such as alienation, the search for meaning, crises of identity, and the growing distrust of traditional institutions of knowledge and morality. This article focuses on the problematic relationship between classical and non-classical paradigms of thought, both of which have significantly influenced the formation of contemporary worldviews. The tension among classical, non-classical, and postmodern perspectives at the turn of the epochs has led to worldview crises that result in sociopolitical, cultural, and philosophical confrontations. Philosophical hermeneutics raises an important question: how can a philosophical and cultural dialogue across epochs be achieved today? The artistic and philosophical heritage of the past serves as a continuous field for interpretation. The quality of this interpretation, along with the relevance of translating specific works, will determine the future for new generations, whose culture and thinking are shaped by the perspectives and horizons established by philosophy. Modern hermeneutics is based on various paradigms of thought and the worldviews of different eras, allowing for a dialogue between the present and the past. This article examines Hans Gadamer’s hermeneutical experience in the context of Friedrich Nietzsche’s critique of ancient philosophy, particularly regarding Socrates and Plato. Nietzsche disapproved of Socrates’ moral principles, viewing them as a denial of vital energy and instincts. Friedrich Nietzsche, by rejecting the concepts of objective morality and ethical rationalism, called for a «reassessment of all values». This idea became the foundation for philosophical relativism and moral subjectivity. The dismissal of objective standards for good and evil has created a new paradigm that has led to an identity crisis and a loss of stable moral guidelines. Consequently, this has resulted in a decrease in public trust, a breakdown of social ties, and a rise in selfishness, all of which pose a serious threat to the sustainable development of society. Nietzsche’s influence on European thought significantly shaped the philosophical outlook of Hans Gadamer. Nietzsche’s critique of Platonism and Christianity was instrumental in the development of non-classical thinking, which greatly influenced 20th-century philosophical trends. This includes the work of Martin Heidegger, the founder of fundamental ontology, and his student, Hans Gadamer, the founder of philosophical hermeneutics.

NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR: A HERMENEUTICAL ANALYSIS OF SYMBOLS, LANGUAGE AND MEMORY

2025-01-07T14:38:54+02:00

The article examines the processes of formation and preservation of national identity in crisis conditions, particularly during war and forced migration. The analysis is based on a philosophical approach to understanding national identity as a dynamic and multi-layered structure actively changing under the influence of socio-political events. Using Paul Ricker’s hermeneutic methodology, the article focuses on interpreting symbols, narratives, and metaphors that reflect the collective experience of Ukrainian society during the war. Oksana Zabuzhko’s metaphors, such as the “prison of nations” and “cellmates”, are considered cultural markers that describe traumatic experiences and contribute to the awareness of national identity as a form of resistance. Special attention is paid to the role of education and its constitutionalization to preserve cultural memory and educate new generations in the spirit of national unity. The authors draw attention to the importance of the educational system, which not only ensures the transfer of knowledge but also forms value orientations, contributing to the consolidation of the nation in conditions of social upheaval. In the context of the experience of the Polish educational system, which accepts Ukrainian refugee children, the challenges associated with the integration of these children into a new environment and the preservation of their national identity are considered. The role of migration in forming national identity is also revealed when forced resettlement activates the processes of self-determination and strengthens the connection with cultural roots. The migration experience becomes an essential factor contributing to both the preservation of national values and adaptation to a multicultural environment, providing new opportunities for rethinking identity. Based on research and analysis of cultural symbols and educational practices, the article shows that national identity in crisis conditions turns into a powerful resource that helps society maintain integrity and resilience in the face of challenges of globalization and socio-political changes.

RESEARCH ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF CONSCIOUSNESS DURING THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR IN UKRAINIAN PHILOSOPHY

2025-01-07T14:41:39+02:00

The transformation of Ukrainian consciousness amid the Russo-Ukrainian war represents a highly relevant and multifaceted phenomenon that demands profound philosophical understanding. This research reveals how the war serves as a force that radically alters the intentional, cognitive, and affective structures of both individuals and society. The depth of these changes is manifested in the reconfiguration of axiological values, with national identity assuming an archetypal, almost sacred significance. The purpose of this article is to explore how the Russo-Ukrainian war influences the evolution of Ukrainians’ national consciousness by uncovering the mechanisms underlying changes in the deep cognitive, emotional, and ideological structures fundamental to national self-awareness. The methodological approach of this research is both comprehensive and interdisciplinary, incorporating synergetic and phenomenological analyses of conscious processes. The synergetic perspective allows for the identification of nonlinear dynamics emerging within the collective consciousness under the impact of wartime upheaval, while the phenomenological approach examines profound elements of self-awareness transformed under existential pressures. Psychoanthropological and socio-philosophical methods further enhance the understanding of shifts in the psycho-emotional attitudes and value orientations within Ukrainian society. The findings indicate that, under the influence of war, Ukrainian consciousness undergoes significant transformation, evident in the radical reconfiguration of fundamental axiological and cognitive constructs. It is observed that the collective consciousness adapts to extreme conditions by internalizing new ethical imperatives that reinforce societal resilience and solidarity. The transformation of consciousness within Ukrainian society during the war is an evolutionary phenomenon that transcends conventional sociocultural changes, touching upon the existential aspects of national existence. The war acts as a catalyst for the revival and strengthening of national identity through the activation of archetypal modes of thinking and feeling at the core of collective psychology.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRACTICES OF THE VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN UKRAINE: A PHILOSOPHICAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS

2025-01-07T14:45:29+02:00

The article is devoted to the analysis of the interrelations between the practices of the volunteer movement and civil society in Ukraine from the standpoint of philosophical and political analysis, as well as sociological, systemic, and predictive approaches. The study focuses on the main basic values of volunteer activity: sacrifice, justice, activity, the spirit of freedom of the volunteer movement, voluntariness, and the manifestation of goodwill as the will to do good. The structure of civil society is analyzed and the place of the volunteer movement in the structure of civil society, and its role in the system of resistance organizations of the Russian Federation is investigated. The results of the study indicate that the volunteer movement identifies and promotes the best traditions and institutions of civil society, civic virtues and principles of coexistence, and volunteer practices are not just the fulfillment of the tasks of the volunteer movement, but are part of the life of civil society, stimulating its renewal and institutional development. It is stated that the philosophical approach to determining the value of freedom of the volunteer movement provides a common conceptual platform on which the approaches of individual sciences – psychology, social work, political science – do not contradict each other, but mostly complement each other.

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF HYBRID MANAGEMENT: FROM TECHNOCRATISM TO HUMANISTIC APPROACHES IN MODERN MANAGEMENT

2025-01-07T14:50:28+02:00

This article undertakes a comprehensive philosophical analysis of hybrid management, a paradigm that integrates technocratic and humanistic approaches to management in the context of globalization and digitalization. It adopts an interdisciplinary approach, examining the role of axiological aspects in management decisions, the influence of technological innovations on organizational structures, and the necessity of socially responsible management models. The analysis draws on the insights of modern philosophers and management theorists, including Castells, Latour, Jonas, and others, who underscore the significance of adaptability and flexibility in management amidst rapid change. The article also delves into the ethical considerations of adopting new technologies, where managers must balance economic indicators with the social and moral implications of their decisions. Furthermore, it explores the communication strategies essential for effective interaction in a multicultural environment, a key factor in the successful operation of organizations in today's globalized world. Hybrid management, identified as a novel management paradigm, harmonizes technological advancement with social responsibility, fostering conditions for sustainable development and ethical leadership.

PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF SPACE AND EXPERIENCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

2025-01-07T14:53:04+02:00

This article reflects an attempt to philosophize space and experience in architectural practice. The article identifies important aspects that help architects not only create functional and aesthetic buildings, but also shape certain philosophical, cultural, psychological contexts and social practices. The purpose of the study is a philosophical analysis of the relationship between architectural space and the subjective experience of a human, as well as the definition of principles, which are reflected in architecture. In accordance with the topic, the following tasks were set philosophical analysis of architectural space through the prism of “space as experience”; study of the relationship between space and subjective human experience; identification of different architectural approaches to space formation; justification of how space constraints affect architectural solutions. Based on the tasks set, examples of creative approaches and adaptive architectural solutions are analyzed. The philosophical understanding of space and experience in architectural practice is an important aspect that opens new perspectives for architectural practice, contributing to the creation of more sensitive, humane, and adapted to the needs of society spaces. The conclusions state that it is important to consider cultural peculiarities and historical context in the creative process, as this can significantly affect the perception and use of space. Architects should consider the ethical aspects of their projects: sustainability, accessibility, and social justice. The work focuses on how space constraints contribute to the search for new forms, materials and technologies that can significantly improve the functionality and aesthetics of architectural objects and stimulate new creative approaches.

CAUSES OF GENDER INEQUALITY

2025-01-07T14:55:51+02:00

The world community considers the achievement of gender equality as the most important condition for the development of a person and society. The analysis of gender relations in society is a current topic. The actualization of gender issues in the world is not accidental: it is based on deep economic, political, social, and humanitarian reasons. The implementation of research tasks was achieved on the basis of the analysis of the main data of the 18th edition of the Global Gender Gap Report (Global Gender Gap Report 2024. World Economic Forum), which assesses gender parity in 146 economies, providing a basis for analyzing changes in the field of gender parity. The methodological toolkit includes methods of analysis that allow characterizing gender relations in society. Based on the analysis of statistical data, expert opinions and studies of a number of scientists, it is convincingly proven that in modern society there is a gender imbalance in the field of politics and public administration; various types of discrimination against women in the labor market and in the economy as a whole have not been overcome; women (especially mothers) face a familywork conflict; in health care, the impact of gender factors on the health of men and women and the organization of medical care is poorly taken into account. It is noted that the difficulty of solving the problem lies in the fact that gender inequality has a complex nature and affects simultaneously different areas of social policy. That is why it is necessary to take more effective measures for the real achievement of gender equality.

CURRENT INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TRENDS AS A FACTOR OF LIFE ACTIVITY OF SOCIETY

2025-01-07T14:59:45+02:00

Modernity is an environment of various information influences and communicative interactions. The absolute majority of researchers recognize such a trend as the expansion and diversification of the range of means of informational and communicative influence as its characteristic feature. The specified feature is a natural consequence of the instrumental diversity of the era of the information society. Such branching and strengthening of informational channels of influence on individual and social consciousness form one of the key determinants that determine the vital activity of society in the most diverse aspects – in particular, in the sense of the adequacy of the information picture of the world, the correctness of semantic and meaning hierarchies, axiological priorities and ethical preferences. If these aspects are reduced to a common denominator, then it can be argued that informational and communicative influences are the complex factor that significantly determines the effectiveness of society’s vital activities at the level of both the actual status quo and the understanding of probable prospects and possible directions of evolution. An important specific feature of the information and communication sphere of modernity is connected with a complex symbiotic combination of classical options (such as the typology of the effectiveness of language means, the specifics of thought reproduction of language and the socio-cultural specifics of understanding) and the increasingly strengthened recent trends (primitization of mass culture, factors of clip thinking, mosaicism pictures of the world, etc.). The totality of the given informational and communicative trends prompts to pay primary theoretical and conceptual attention to the factors of communicative effectiveness of the culture of understanding and media competence.

NARRATIVE VIDEO GAME AS METAMODERN ART

2025-01-07T15:10:20+02:00

The article is dedicated to understanding narrative video games as a form of metamodern media. It seeks to identify the distinctive elements and strategies within such games that would classify them as artistic artifacts of a new cultural era. The research is based on several theoretical works that focus on the characteristics of metamodernism. The article employs the concept of metamodernism proposed by Robin van den Akker and Timotheus Vermeulen. They describe this new cultural reality as a departure from the prevailing cynicism and detachment of postmodernism. It reflects a yearning for neoromanticism, characterized by sincerity, openness, and oscillation between opposing concepts or phenomena (such as sincerity and irony, seriousness and naïveté). This involves an attempt to blend postmodernist and modernist elements, appealing to the mythological and sensory. Additionally, the conceptualization of metamodernist techniques in art by H. Dember is theoretically significant for this article. Dember identifies several key concepts, including empathetic reflection, “double framing”, oscillation, eccentricity, metamodern minimalism and maximalism, constructive pastiche, irony-resistance, normcore, anthropomorphism, and metasympathy. Together, these elements create a complex and multifaceted structure within contemporary artistic texts. Using this methodology, the article analyzes narrative video games and series from the 21st century, such as Death Stranding, Kena: Bridge of Spirits and others. The article highlights common and frequently recurring metamodern elements within the contemporary gaming environment. By examining several game titles, it illustrates mechanisms of emotional oscillation, ambivalence, and sincerity. These mechanisms not only enhance player engagement with the cybertextual narrative of the game but also vividly express metamodernist concepts. Significant metamodern elements increasingly reflected in the video game space include the pursuit of collective action and social interaction. This can be expressed through the incorporation of communication mechanisms with other players into the individual gaming experience. Moreover, there is a tendency towards the reconstruction of mythical tropes and narratives, which are not merely read but primarily experienced by players.

PRINCIPLE OF SOCIO-CULTURAL EQUALITY AS A CRITERION EQUIVALENT OF EFFECTIVE INTERACTION COUNTRIES AND NATIONS: DIFFICULTIES OF IMPLEMENTATION

2025-01-07T15:13:09+02:00

The statement, according to which the effectiveness of the interaction between countries and peoples is significantly determined by the cultural factor, is consensual for almost all paradigmatic approaches of modern socio-humanitarian knowledge. Such an unprecedented conceptual unity is due to the universally recognized status of culture as a universal tool, thanks to which the species Homo sapiens first stood out from the animal world, and later received unprecedented competitive advantages over other species. After all, the entire history of mankind clearly reflects the conceptual maxim according to which the successes of both mankind in general and individual communities in particular are the result of achievements in the field of culture – and these successes were all the more convincing, the more consensual the hierarchy of cultural priorities acquired. And as for the regularity with which this cause-and-effect mechanism was repeated over and over again throughout the history of human civilization, it leads to the conclusion that the aforementioned evolutionary algorithm is non-random and objectively regular. Conceptual intrigue remains only regarding the methodology, principles and methods of achieving the goal of the unity of the hierarchy of cultural priorities, because the same goal in principle can be achieved in a diverse and even axiologically antagonistic way. But if this goal is achieved through the use of authoritarian, totalitarian or repressive means of persuasion, will such unity be productive? This question is rhetorical given the obviousness of the negative answer to it. In other words, the goal of the unity of the hierarchy of cultural priorities is not a self-sufficient idea fixe: its achievement is closely correlated with the toolkit, which is preferred in the process of forming consolidated ideas about the hierarchy of cultural priorities, as well as with the ability to effectively apply this toolkit in contradictory conditions and ambivalent circumstances.

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING IN THE COORDINATES OF ART: MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM

2025-01-07T15:16:06+02:00

This article is dedicated to examining the problem within the philosophy of culture that foregrounds the dimension of aerospace engineering through the artistic coordinates of modernism and postmodernism. This unconventional perspective on the aerospace domain offers a rich palette for understanding its ontology. The analysis of how various art forms have influenced the development of aerospace endeavors is skillfully interwoven with an exploration of the ways in which art has been transformed by aerospace advancements. Aerospace themes have always captivated the artistic and cultural imagination. From the earliest dreams of reaching the stars to contemporary space missions, the cosmos has consistently inspired humanity and served as a wellspring of artistic creativity. Aerospace engineering has undergone exceptionally rapid development over the past century, emerging as one of humanity’s most knowledge-intensive fields. The pace of technological advancement and the complexity of this domain have resulted in a highly specialized community of experts whose achievements are often not fully comprehended by the broader public. It is within the art space that the significance and uniqueness of this field can be more vividly communicated to society. The article presents an analysis of the functional features of the artistic space of aerospace, substantiating its mission. Firstly, art acts as a mediator between society and the aerospace community, presenting contemporary technical and technological trends. Secondly, the art industry propagates the ideas of future aerospace developments, helping to mitigate societal misunderstandings and foster positive expectations. Art becomes an ambassador for aerospace engineering through the works of artists, writers, filmmakers, musicians, and others. The article examines how aerospace themes have been reflected in the art of modernism and postmodernism, tracing the evolution of humanity’s imagination about the universe and our place within it, and exploring how space exploration has influenced the development of new genres and styles in creative expression. A historical and cultural retrospective highlights the most notable instances within the art sphere dedicated to aerospace engineering. Modernism served as the initial artistic space for the aviation theme, drawing inspiration from it and becoming one of its primary popularizers. Postmodernism, by contrast, unfolded during the space age, addressing issues of safety, ecology, feasibility, and future prospects.

BORDEN PARKER BOWNE AND AMERICAN PERSONALISM

2025-01-07T15:22:57+02:00

American personalism did not emerge as a random phenomenon. Firstly, it was shaped by political, social, and importantly, economic factors. Secondly, this personalism has always been closely linked to its historical roots, particularly with German theological schools, a connection it has consistently maintained. The fact that many American scholars and philosophers, as well as the majority of representatives of the personalism school, received their education extensively in Europe, especially in Germany, is not coincidental. Moreover, their ongoing relationships with Europe’s scientific environment further confirm this fact. It is known that Methodism is primarily a Protestant movement widely spread in the United States and Great Britain. Although Borden Parker Bowne’s system of personalism developed primarily within a philosophical paradigm, it was largely an idea – personalism – that also drew heavily from theology. In this sense, his teachings on personalism primarily emerged as a liberalizing phenomenon. In the United States, the personalism promoted by the Boston School formed in alignment with Protestantism, liberalism, and historically established traditions, responding to the modern conditions, demands, and challenges of the time, as well as serving as an intellectual response to pragmatism (alongside and in certain respects influenced by it), market economics, secularization, and events stemming from this context. Thus, American personalism also arose against the backdrop of social problems and conflicts within society, which prompted its emergence. Looking at the Western European philosophical milieu, it is evident that it had the potential to generate spiritual crises such as existentialism and personalism. Furthermore, as noted earlier, the foundations of American personalism were also shaped by European philosophical teachings, directly drawing nourishment from them. These European teachings chronologically span a period of 200 years from the 17th to the 19th century.

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STRATEGY OF PRESERVING EDUCATIONAL CAPITAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

2025-01-07T15:32:43+02:00

Educational capital is not just an indicator of the level of education, the presence or absence of a person's diploma or certificate of education, but a complex, a set of all the skills and competencies that people in a particular society have. Educational capital is the key to the realization of a person, the strengthening of social development, the perspective of the future and the strength of the identification markers of the people. One of the important tasks of modern times is the multiplication of educational capital. The conditions of the war in which our country found itself make us think about what strategic policies should be implemented in order to maintain the educational system and not dissipate the country's potential. Forced migration is gradually dispersing human resources around the world, and the prospects for stopping this process in the near future are disappointing. That is why there is a need for a balanced approach to the formation of strategies for conducting the educational process. Therefore, we suggest taking into account the need for constant correlation of strategies and tactics regarding the situation. We see the need to make efforts to ensure the educational process. And also, we call for the strengthening of value recognition of education as the key to the formation of a conscious citizen of the state.

THE IDEA OF A NATIONAL CHURCH AS A KEY ELEMENT OF UKRAINIAN SELF-IDENTIFICATION

2025-01-07T11:22:59+02:00

The article analyses the role of the national church in Ukrainian society, in particular, its impact on the processes of nation-building and state-building. In the modern Ukrainian context, religion is an important element in the formation of national identity, which is especially relevant during socio-political transformations and periods of crisis in state institutions. The study focuses on the activities of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), which contribute to strengthening public trust and social stability. These religious institutions provide Ukrainians with a sense of unity and support in the face of political instability, playing the role of a stable moral authority. The paper uses a comprehensive approach, including historical analysis, sociological research and content analysis, to reveal the evolution of the perception of religion in Ukrainian society. After gaining independence in 1991, the church began to occupy an important place among social institutions, as due to the weakness of state structures, it became a source of moral support, a symbol of national unity and a reliable support in times of crisis. Sociological surveys show a high level of trust in religious institutions among Ukrainians, which has remained steadily high for more than two decades, while trust in political and legal structures has been steadily declining. The study also raises the question of the possibility of using the religious factor in public policy. Religion is able to consolidate society around common values, but its use for political purposes requires a cautious approach, as confessional differences can lead to social conflicts. It is also pointed out that the unification of the OCU and the UGCC into a single national church could help strengthen Ukrainian statehood and national identity, providing an additional impetus for international recognition of the Ukrainian church. Such a union could strengthen spiritual ties between the regions of Ukraine, which is important in the context of current external and internal challenges. The national church, as a symbol of unity and historical continuity, can serve as a basis for creating a common cultural and political platform. At the same time, it is noted that the role of religious institutions in nation- and statebuilding processes should be carefully considered so as not to exacerbate existing confessional differences.

DISTORTION OF FAITH AS A FACTOR IN UNHEALTHY SPIRITUALITY

2025-01-07T11:26:12+02:00

The article analyzes the phenomenon of unhealthy religiosity and the distortions of religious faith. It shows that the distortion of religious faith is an important factor that has significant negative impacts on a person’s spirituality. The author outlines the main manifestations of unhealthy religiosity and the consequences of faith distortions, illustrating some of them with examples from current events affecting Ukrainian society. According to the author, distortions of religious faith are closely linked to mental disorders. These are often caused by rigid and demanding religious doctrines, the cultivation of guilt, and constant internal tension. Among the consequences of distorted religious faith, the author highlights aggression, intolerance, and violence toward followers of other faiths, provoked by a sense of religious exclusivity and disdain for other religions. The article also examines the phenomenon of religious fanaticism, which poses a serious danger to the fanatic, their loved ones, and those around them. The author clarifies the causes of this phenomenon, identifying fragile self-identification of the potential fanatic, a lack of mental flexibility, their internally infantile position, and a hidden desire to renounce freedom of choice in exchange for the illusion of control and certainty about the future. The author notes that distortions of religious faith are also present in the doctrine of the “Russian World”, which sacralizes aggressive war and justifies killing as a means of fighting for higher values. According to the author, faith distortions are often characterized by neglect of personal health as well. A striking example of such distortion is the “COVID dissidence” that was widespread in Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article also mentions that scientists are still unable to definitively say what precedes the onset of severe mental disorders – individual predispositions or a religious paradigm. The question remains open as to whether faith can cause mental disorders in a person with good mental health. The author argues that distortions of religious faith led to numerous problems, not only for the person experiencing them but also for those around them.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF REQUISTED MONUMENTS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN UKRAINE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH)

2025-01-07T11:29:42+02:00

The article deals with the problem of religious buildings returning and property in Ukraine illegally alienated by Soviet power to the Roman and Catholic Church. It is emphasized that overcoming the consequences of state policy in the sphere of religion and the church and restoring the rights of religious organizations to the religious buildings and property requisitioned by the Soviet authorities is a complex and lengthy process. The study of this problem is due to the fact that restitution takes a prominent place in the system of state-church relations and is closely linked to the maintenance of harmonious interfaith relations. For the purpose of scientific understanding of the problem, a comparative-historical method was used, as well as a method of analysis, systematization and generalization. For the first time, the article provides a comprehensive analysis of the process of returning to the Roman and Catholic Church in Ukraine the cult buildings and property expropriated by the Soviet authorities. The ways and mechanisms of restitution in modern conditions are determined. It is stated that the introduced provisions in the legislation on return to religious organizations of religious property require clarification, clear definition of forms and procedure of restitution of property of religious organizations. It is emphasized that the unregulated nature of this problem gives rise to property disputes between religious organizations, which tend to escalate into acute opposition. For obvious reasons, the process of restitution of church property must continue to be the object of state attention, which in turn will promote the harmonious development of state-church relations.

THE UNIATE SERVICE OF MYKOLAI CHARNETSKY AS A PRACTICAL CREATION OF THE SOVEREIGN UKRAINIAN STATE (HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL NOTES TO THE ANNIVERSARY)

2025-01-07T11:33:36+02:00

The article is dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the birth of Blessed Hieromartyr Mykolai Charnetsky (1884– 1959), the monk of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, Apostolic Visitor to Volyn, and companion of Andrei Sheptytsky, who was appointed by the Metropolitan as Exarch of Volyn, Podlasie, and parts of Polissia and Kholmshchyna, the ethno-cultural Ukrainian lands burdened by a deep historical trauma, where a harsh assimilationist policy towards Ukrainians had been pursued for several centuries. In this context, the concepts of “jubilee”, “glory”, “service”, “mercy”, “martyrdom” are considered from a historical and philosophical point of view. The author enucleates the concordance of Charnetsky’s theological concept of mercy and Lesia Ukrainka’s philosophical and artistic concepts. Mercy, for both figures of Ukrainian culture, is a category of existential dialectics and the ontological basis of their prosopoeic existence, which inspires either thinker’s understanding of Christianity as a religion of mercy. The theological content of the uniate service is revealed, which, on the one hand, determines the intentions of the generation of Ukrainian church leaders, to which Charnetsky belongs, and, on the other hand, it explains the readiness of these clergymen for martyrdom. According to Charnetsky’s generation, the Uniate mission is to unite Christians, preserve the cohesion of Ukrainian Christianity and form the national and religious identity of Ukrainians, without which the true statebuilding of the native national Home-Motherland is otherwise impossible. In the historical situation that was rapidly changing in the conditions of World War II, the Greek-Catholic exarchs, associates of Metropolitan Andrei, aware of their vocation, showed a far-sighted statesmanship, laying down new fair principles for the formation of exarchates and offered a new approach in their demarcation, i.e. not according to the ethnographic, geographical and historical criteria, but taking into account modern conditions of the countries and nationalities and seeing a chance for Ukraine to gain independence in the redistribution of the geopolitical map of Europe.

RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL BASIS OF ETHNOMENTALITY FORMATION: UKRAINIAN CONTEXT

2025-01-07T11:37:48+02:00

The article is dedicated to the religious and cultural foundations of the formation of the ethno-mentality of the population that lived in the territory of Ukraine at different periods of its history. The research analyzes authoritative sources from various historical periods and examines the phenomenon of national character from religious, philosophical, cultural, ethnological, and socio-political perspectives. The source base of the research consists of sources that enable a comprehensive understanding of the historical conditions for the formation of a specific socio-cultural environment in the territory of Ukraine. While presenting the material, a conceptual cultural and religious system of Ukrainian lands is built – an ethnomental triangle of “paganism – Byzantine Christianity – religious syncretism in the form of Ukrainian Orthodoxy”. A general characteristic of each stage of the religious and cultural development of the mentality of the local population is provided. The primary reasons for the transition from one cultural-historical period to another are determined, which include the natural development of human thinking, the evolution of religious systems, sociopolitical transformations, etc. The article’s materials also examine the religious and cultural features of Western and Eastern Christianity, defining their characteristics in theology, the social aspect of spiritual tradition, the influence on the mentality of believers, and the specifics of interaction with the surrounding world, particularly their reactions to changes brought by globalization. The study analyzes various assessments of the consequences of the Christianization of Ukrainian lands in the context of local residents’ cultural and mental characteristics. Given the scale of the stated topic, it is justified to develop some promising directions for further research to establish patterns between the dogmas of a particular religious and cultural system and their influence on the mentality of its followers. The article’s materials will be helpful for students, postgraduates, teachers, and anyone interested in the origins of Ukrainian religious tradition and culture.

ZEN SYMBOLISM IN THE SPACE OF CULTURE

2025-01-07T11:41:59+02:00

The article is devoted to the study of the symbolism of Zen Buddhism and its significance in various cultural contexts. Zen, a philosophical tradition that originated in China and developed in Japan, offers unique symbols reflected in art, literature, and everyday life. Zen symbols such as Emptiness (空), Satori (悟り), Enso (円相), Silence (沈黙), Wabi-Sabi (侘寂), and the Here-And-Now Moment (瞬間) help to realize one’s place in the world. The emptiness of Zen is not an absence but indicates openness to new beginnings, which makes it possible to realize the potential for change in every moment. Satori reflects sudden moments of clarity that change the perception of reality. These moments are manifested in art and literature, providing an opportunity to experience their moments of enlightenment. The Enso, a circle drawn in one movement of the brush, symbolizes the infinity and nature of the mind, emphasizing that perfection is a process, not an achievement. He emphasizes the importance of immediate experience and the moment “here and now”. As a symbol of pacification, silence is of great importance in Zen Buddhism. It represents understanding without words and serves as an expression of truth due to the lack of language. In today’s world, where information noise has become the norm, silence serves as a space for reflection. “Wabi-Sabi” permeates all the art of Zen, focusing on the simplicity and beauty of the imperfect and the significance of momentary, focusing on living each individual moment of life. The article examines examples from Japanese culture, such as calligraphy, painting, and stone gardens that embody these symbols. Traditional calligraphy, in particular, is a writing technique and a meditative practice that explores the symbolism of emptiness. Furthermore, the article analyzes the influence of Zen on Western art and philosophy, specifically in the works of John Cage in music, Jim Jarmusch in film, and Tadao Ando in architecture, who use Zen concepts to emphasize the importance of minimalism, contemplation, and improvisation. In the context of global cultural processes, Zen symbols serve as a compass pointing the way to inner peace and understanding. In conclusion, it is emphasized that Zen symbolism is a powerful tool for making sense of contemporary experience, enriching our knowledge of culture and philosophy. These symbols, which continue to live in art, invite us to delve into the depths of our consciousness, seek truth, and find harmony in everyday life.

THE PROBLEM OF DEFINING RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG RESEARCHES OF XIX – FIRST HALF OF XX CENTURY. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2025-01-07T11:45:46+02:00

The problem of defining religion and religious consciousness has remained actual for decades. The topic is actual, at least, due to variety of existing theoretical perspectives of the mentioned phenomenon, lack of consensus of the problem; primarily, due to the importance of religion’s role in formation of cultural layer of society – Ukrainian in particular. In addition, religious consciousness is obviously an integral component of religion, but its role isn’t always clearly defined, so that requires additional analysis. The mentioned chronology, that is considered here, is the richest in theoretical achievements, started several subject perspectives at once: sociological and psychological; also stated philosophical and anthropological perspectives. Each of them has its own specific methodology and orientation, which directly shapes the understanding of religion as a phenomenon; this, foremost, affects the formation of scientific paradigm regarding further, more subjective and practical scientific researches, especially during sociological and psychological researches. In conclusion, specific difference, advantages and disadvantages are of mentioned perspectives are the subject of the article. In the article are examined the works of M. Weber, E. Durkheim, W. James, T. Flournoy, Z. Freud, and R. Otto. The choice of mentioned researchers is due to the influence of their theoretical achievements: first of all, due to the formation of already mentioned perspectives, lastly – their ideas are still popular in textbooks and courses in the field of Ukrainian religious studies. It is important to outline that the anthropology of religion – as a more modern field of religious studies – was founded on the intersection of the achievements of researchers of the considered period. Since its foundations still closely depend on the interpretation of the achievements of the classics, their analysis contributes to a deeper development of anthropology of religion in the scientific space.

POSSIBILITIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE

2025-01-07T11:48:42+02:00

The article is devoted to the issue of the correlation between religious experience and artificial intelligence (AI) and the potential of AI in the study of religious experience. Generative artificial intelligence is already widely used in the field of religion, it helps to write sermons, and neural networks are implanted in temple statues. In 2020, the Vatican organised a conference attended by representatives of the most advanced technology companies such as IMB, Microsoft, FAO, and together with representatives of the Vatican and the government, they created and signed a document called Rome call for AI ethics, which refers to an ethical approach to the use of AI and emphasises the need for companies and governments to be extremely responsible for the creation and use of such technologies. All these facts emphasise the seriousness and importance of scientific understanding of this issue. In this article, we have considered two possible options for the interaction between artificial intelligence and religious experience, the first of which is the possibility of simulating religious experience using artificial intelligence technology, namely that AI can analyse human emotions in detail and, based on this information, dynamically adapt visual and audio content to enhance certain emotional states. It sounds quite fantastic, but in practice, it is no longer impossible given the amount of information that modern AI operates with. The second option, in our opinion, is the potential to use AI to analyse and interpret a person's religious experience. Given the aforementioned ability of artificial intelligence to use and analyse huge amounts of data simultaneously, it can help decipher human feelings and contribute to their deeper understanding. Based on the analysis of both possible scenarios, the article identifies potentially positive and negative aspects of the interaction between artificial intelligence and religious experience.

THE AMBIVALENT NATURE OF SOCIAL SERVICE AND VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES OF THE UCC DURING THE “GREAT WAR”

2025-01-07T12:12:21+02:00

The article is devoted to highlighting the specifics of social service and volunteer activities of the UOC during the Russian-Ukrainian war. In the course of realization of this task, it was found that in the process of legal consolidation of the autonomy of the state and the church and the development of the legislative framework for the formation and functioning of religious organizations in Ukraine, the latter were transformed into full-fledged civil society institutions aimed at meeting the spiritual needs of society. In addition, the formation of the legal framework enabled all religious organizations of Ukraine to carry out multi-vector social service in areas of intersection of their interests on a partnership basis with the state, even though their role in building civil society is not always unambiguous. This ambivalence was most clearly manifested in the activities of the UOC, whose leaders, despite their openly pro-Russian orientation, implemented a number of social programs through clergy, active parishioners, churches and monasteries. The Revolution of Dignity and Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine prompted religious organizations in Ukraine to develop their social doctrines in order to respond appropriately to the demands of society and their flocks regarding the events and challenges facing Ukrainian society. The UOC did not stand aside from these processes. As a member of the UCCRO, it joined the development of national reform projects, strategies for the development of Ukraine, and socially significant activities, which, however, did not prevent its leaders from spreading Russian narratives in the public consciousness both in the post-Maidan period and during the full-scale war. Their promotion, in the context of armed confrontation, is accompanied by the implementation of a number of socially significant projects, which, however, do not correlate in scale with the extensive church network and international relations of the UOC. This gave researchers grounds to consider the UOC’s social service and volunteer activities as a kind of cover for anti-Ukrainian activities. Despite the fact that such accusations are not without rational basis, in our opinion, the social service and volunteer activities of the UOC can be seen as a manifestation of the so-called “grassroots” activity of communities and believers, in whose minds the UOC appears not so much as an organic part of the Russian Orthodox Church centered in Moscow, as a carrier of the centuries-old Orthodox traditions of the Ukrainian people.

FORMATION OF THE MILITARY CHAPLAINCY SERVICE IN THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: A HISTORICAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

2025-01-07T12:22:42+02:00

The article explores the chaplaincy service within the Armed Forces of Ukraine, emphasizing its importance as a key component of the spiritual life of service members. Chaplains, representing various religious denominations, provide essential spiritual support to military personnel. In response to the Russian Federation’s aggression in 2014, there arose a need to enhance the legislative framework governing the activities of military chaplains in Ukraine’s Armed Forces, in order to provide both spiritual and moral support to service members engaged in combat. The author examines in detail the development and establishment of a legal foundation for the implementation of chaplaincy service during the anti-terrorist operation and Joint Forces Operation in Eastern Ukraine from 2014 to 2022. It is established that during this period, a series of regulatory acts were enacted to adequately govern the activities of military chaplains within the Armed Forces of Ukraine. A significant milestone in the development of chaplaincy in Ukraine was the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the Military Chaplaincy Service” in 2021. This law, for the first time in the history of Ukraine’s Armed Forces, formally established the regulatory framework for safeguarding the rights of service members to freedom of conscience and religion. The law also outlined the legal, organizational, and operational principles for the functioning of the chaplaincy service. The author further highlights key regulatory acts regarding the activities of military chaplains enacted in response to the large-scale invasion by the Russian Federation in February 2022. Thus, the study of the transformation of the legislative framework for military chaplaincy in Ukraine’s Armed Forces is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the chaplains’ role in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war and to improve the legislative framework governing this field.

ON THE QUESTION OF CONFESSIONAL IDENTIFICATION OF JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES

2025-01-07T12:26:10+02:00

The article offers an analysis of three frequency settings present in the works of researchers and insiders regarding the solution to the issue of confessional identification of Jehovah’s Witnesses. We are talking about their attribution either to cults (new religious movements), or to Christianity in general, or to Protestantism. The meaning of the conceptual construct “confessional identification” is preliminary clarified and a condensed presentation of Jehovah’s Witnesses is offered. In the process of verifying the attitudes of prominent representatives of each of the positions regarding the confessional affiliation of Jehovah’s Witnesses, the meaning of such key concepts as “cults”, “sects”, “new religious movements”, “Christianity”, “Protestantism”, “marginal Protestantism” is revealed. In the context of analyzing the perception of Jehovah’s Witnesses as Christians, the question of their self-identification is resolved. The position of Jehovah’s Witnesses is highlighted, which is based on the assertion of their exclusive belonging to “true Christians” and, accordingly, rejection of the Christian world. The arguments of Christian orthodoxies are presented, who categorically reject the thesis about the uniqueness of Christianity of Jehovah’s Witnesses. The author offers arguments in favor of Jehovah’s Witnesses belonging to marginal Protestantism. Such arguments seem possible in the perspective of revealing genetic, theological and institutional factors.

HANS URS VON BALTHASAR AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE PATRISTIC RENAISSANCE. PART II: GREGORY OF NYSSA AND MAXIMUS THE CONFESSOR

2025-01-07T12:39:15+02:00

To supplement the analysis of Balthasar’s reading of St. Irenaeus and Origen presented in the first part of the survey, this article examines his interpretation of the treatises written by St. Gregory of Nyssa and St. Maximus the Confessor. The interpretation of Gregory’s mystical theology considered the idea of God’s active nature, expounded by the great Cappadocian in Contra Eunomium. It was established that Balthasar highlighted this aspect with an apologetic purpose, to emphasize the existential character of Gregory's theology by showing its everlasting relevance against the background of the widespread fascination with the philosophy of M. Heidegger and J.-P. Sartre. The significant importance of the ascetic component in the theological epistemology of the Bishop of Nyssa is also outlined. Balthasar proposes to interpret the theology of St. Maximus the Confessor not as a simple compilation of previous patristic achievements, but rather as a masterful synthesis of Christian mysticism, monastic asceticism, elements of Aristotelianism (metaphysics of the Stagirite), as well as Neoplatonic apophatic theology and the cosmology of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. Balthasar’s emphasis on kinship and, probably, a direct connection between Maximus and Aquinas in the matter of the positive constitutive role of multiplicity within God's one creation is emphasized. Attention is also paid to critical voices regarding the methodology used by Balthasar in his Patristic studies. The conclusions unfold the idea that, on the one hand, Balthasar did not limit himself exclusively to the historicalcontextual study of the Fathers, on the other hand, his creative approach did not involve the provocative and artificial adaptation of their thought to modern philosophical-theological patterns to construct Balthasar's synthesis. It is also important that while creating his theological program Balthasar masterfully managed to avoid two more extremes – (1) a meticulous analytical dissection and fragmentation of the patristic treatises and (2) their unjustified harmonization that would nullify the characteristic authentic features of each of them.

OPTIMIZATION OF STATE-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS IN UKRAINE: HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

2025-01-07T12:43:18+02:00

The article is dedicated to the optimization of state-religious relations in Ukraine against the backdrop of historical transformations and contemporary challenges. It analyzes the evolution of state institutions responsible for regulating religious relations, starting from the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations”. Various stages of administrative reforms are examined, including the creation and reorganization of the State Committee on Religious Affairs, the Department of Religious Affairs under the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine, and the State Service of Ukraine for Ethnopolitics and Freedom of Conscience. The main issues in integrating religious policy functions into broader ministries are identified, such as dual accountability, bureaucratization of the registration processes for religious organizations, and the dispersion of specialized personnel. Recommendations are proposed for creating more effective management mechanisms to counter urgent external threats and potential optimization. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of balancing state control with the autonomy of religious communities to ensure the rights and freedoms of all religious groups in a democratic society. The role of State Service of Ukraine for Ethnopolitics and Freedom of Conscience in current conditions and the unresolved issues that require further improvement of legislation and administrative structures are highlighted.

MODIFICATION OF THE IMAGE OF THE WOMAN-WARRIOR IN UKRAINIAN VISUAL CULTURE DURING THE RUSSIAN INVASION

2025-01-07T15:36:35+02:00

This article explores the socio-cultural dimension of the representation of the woman-warrior image in the visual culture during the military invasion of Ukraine. The visual image that emerges from the events of military aggression is analyzed, and variations of the woman-warrior image are studied using the works of Ukrainian artists as examples. It is noted that the multifaceted nature of the research problem necessitates the use of interdisciplinary methodological tools. A cultural approach uses historical, semiotic, hermeneutic, and structural-semantic methods. It is emphasized that visual representations help construct stereotypes, behavioral models, and masculine and feminine characteristics typical of society. The significance of the cultural reception of the artistic depiction of the woman-warrior in visual art is highlighted. It is noted that the representation of the woman-warrior in Ukrainian visual art during the period of the Russian-Ukrainian war is shaped by socio-political events in the country, which have influenced the visual imagery in the media. It is determined that the hostilities in Ukraine have intensified androgynous features in female depictions, as war is most often associated with male activity in Ukrainian society. The visual image is considered a synthesis of socio-political and artistic receptions that can influence the formation of contemporary cultural forms popularized due to socio-political events. It is emphasized that visual representations construct stereotypes, behavioral models, and masculine and feminine traits of gender roles. The article highlights that the process of changing gender roles in Ukrainian society is still in its early stages, reflected in two contradictory trends – sexualization and androgynization of the warrior maiden image. It is determined that the hostilities in Ukraine have intensified androgynous features in female depictions due to the existing societal stereotype of associating war with male activity. It is shown that the characteristic features in the depictions of women warriors include strength, bravery, and hatred toward the enemy. At the same time, the article emphasizes the sexualization and vulgarization of femininity, which is caused by remnants of patriarchy in Ukrainian society and the actualization of androcentrism in the media due to military actions.

PERFORMING MUSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF METAECOLOGICAL REFLECTION

2025-01-07T15:41:09+02:00

The urgency of the problem. The multiplicity of performance paradigms is a characteristic of postmodern symbiosis in musical art, particularly in performance. The non-classical systematics of preserving the integrity of cultural creation actualizes metaphysical principles, forms a system of adaptation to the communicative environment as a prediction of the future and at the same time the constitution of the desired past. The purpose of the article is to define the phenomenon of cultural genesis of modern performing art in music as a synthesis of genre and stylistic guidelines that acquire the meaning of performing paradigms of musical poetics. The research methodology is determined by comparative and systemic approaches, which helps to carry out a comparative analysis of the phenomenon of systemic integrity of performance in music. Scientific novelty of the article. Performing arts acquires syntheticism, which is carried out on the basis of the latest aesthetic dimensions of cultural creation. Interpreters of musical syntheses widely use the methods of structural linguistics, build semiotic models of musical symbolic systems. A complex system of synthetic types of various types of art is being formed, starting with sign language and ending with such phenomena as sampling, sonorics, aleatorics, etc. Therefore, the communicative space of culture and the communicative space of musical performance is interpreted as a text where the man-made component is actively involved, an extremely powerful complex of music related to instrumentalism is formed. Conclusions. Genre and stylistic syntheses open up new opportunities for culture-creating paradigms, which are connected with the use of natural artifacts in music. It is a genetic algorithm as a certain probing of nature’s laboratory. In the musical space there is a deep musical element, its cosmologism is revealed by transferring traditional intonation to the rank of artistic realities, which become the acquisition of the newest space of music making.

THE AXIOSPHERE OF THE SOCIAL IDEAL IN THE CHRONOTOPE OF UKRAINIAN CULTURE OF THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE CENTURY XXI

2025-01-07T15:44:16+02:00

The article deals with the axiological aspect of the formation of the phenomenon of the public ideal of socio-cultural space. The aim of the study is to continue the search for the features of the axiosphere of this phenomenon in order to clarify the conceptual framework of the public ideal of the socio-cultural space of Ukraine in the early 21st century. The article analyses values as a subject of cultural and philosophical reflection on the evolution of approaches to the study of values. The existence of the term ‘value’ in the Ukrainian language as a language of cultural philosophy is noted to denote the sphere of significance, which is basic to any possible values. It is emphasized that rethinking the use of the terms “value” and “cost” contributes to the development of the Ukrainian cultural “lexicon of untranslatability” (according to B. Cassin, K. Sigov), and also allows to clarify and enrich the semantic structure of the multidimensional phenomenon of “public ideal”, which identifies the optics of the collective mentality and the essence of the processes of cultural interaction in society, so the conceptual and terminological use of the category ‘cost’ has a separate worldview meaning. The author highlights the cultural functions of the public ideal in terms of axiological issues and influence on the formation of the highest qualities of a personality in terms of the highest meanings: moral, spiritual, ethical and intellectual aspects of a person. These functions are normative, integrative, motivational, orientational, educational, critical, and regulatory. The author emphasises the important role of the existentials of human existence, which influence the spiritual life of society, world understanding and world design of socio-cultural reality, and can be reconstructed and objectified in the collective mentality through interpretive comprehension and ‘double coding’ through experimental aesthetic activity, high-level communication and algorithms of conscious human communication. It is concluded that the axiosphere of the phenomenon of the public ideal is a key factor in the consolidation of Ukrainian society in the early part of the 21st century and the world design of its future in the context of common cultural and axiological guidelines; that the understanding of the lexical and semantic resources of the categories “value”, “cost”, “sense” in the cultural and philosophical aspect allows for a deeper study of the nature of the phenomena of human existence and the constitution of the common space of people. The methodology of the study is based on cultural, axiological, functional, paradigmatic approaches, the method of phenomenological analysis and hermeneutical interpretation, the method of analysing theoretical approaches to the essence of the concepts of cost, value and sense. The specific methodological perspective has determined the practical significance of the research results, which provide reasonable grounds to continue the search for trends in the formation of the axiosphere of the phenomenon of “public ideal” in the transformations of archetypal images of Ukrainian traditional culture, which forms the symbolic concepts of cultural relations on the basis of the emergence of new codes of interaction and world design of the national socio-cultural space.

THE ROLE OF IDEOLOGY IN TODAY’S VISUAL CULTURE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINIAN CINEMATOGRAPHY)

2025-01-07T15:47:34+02:00

In the modern world visual culture plays an extremely important role. First of all, it is the source that has the greatest influence on the formation of social consciousness and identity. This is due to the fact that thinking through visual images is most appropriate for a modern person. Perception of content through memes, short videos, photos, etc. is therefore almost the only source of obtaining information, and hence the formation of stable forms of impressions, ideas or identification markers based on it. Cinema can also be called one of the most influential elements of this culture. It not only reflects reality, but also actively expresses the ideological narratives that dominate in society. Ukrainian cinema, passing through complex historical and political stages of its formation, has become an important means of broadcasting ideology, which reflects national aspiration, historical memory and cultural values. The purpose of the article is to investigate the necessity and role of ideology in visual culture, in particular in contemporary Ukrainian cinema. Among the main tasks, it is extremely important to reveal the essence of the influence of ideological aspects on the national identity formation and public attitudes. The research methodology – analysis of the situation of the Ukrainian cinema context, interpretation of films. The scientific novelty consists in the revision of the situation of Ukrainian cinema, the analysis of various genres and new heroes, in particular female heroes, and the need for ideology in connection with the new social demand. Conclusion. The publication analyzes the connection with the start of the war in 2022 and Ukrainians’ awareness of the need to create their own highquality cinema, which will contribute to the formation of national identity and the development of a conscious society, instead of copying foreign cultural trends.

FEATURE FILM ABOUT THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR (2014–2024)

2025-01-07T15:51:00+02:00

The article is devoted to identifying, based on a study of Ukrainian films of 2014–2024, the peculiarities of Ukrainian feature films in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. It is emphasized that Ukrainian feature films about the Russian-Ukrainian war have become a vital means of promoting patriotic feelings, while, thanks to their diverse and emotionally deep themes, they give viewers both pleasure and a sense of identity with the nation. Ukrainian feature films are considered not only as works of art, but also as cultural missions that use individual and collective narratives to create new manifestations of patriotism. It is stated that the issues of Ukrainian feature films have been studied by scholars of various fields, in particular, art historians, cultural studies, historians, etc., however, only a small number of scientific publications are devoted to individual aspects of cinematography during the period of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Ukrainian films shot during 2014–2024 are characterized, which differ in genre and plot, and were presented at film festivals of various levels. Among the identified features of Ukrainian feature films of the specified period: most films are based on real events, they are characterized by the truthfulness of the reproduction of reality; some films are close to documentaries; the tendency to heroize contemporaries, etc. It is concluded that feature films, in which ideological themes prevail, have a specific artistic mission – their basis is the reproduction of the spirit of patriotism, woven into unexpected turns in the plot, permeating the fates and decisions of each hero. In addition, such films, the themes of which are increasingly connected with real life, are not just an instructive narrative, but a depiction of patriotism through convincing stories and actions of characters, which helps viewers understand current events and illuminates future aspirations.

UKRAINIAN RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS AS PART OF A NEW SOCIAL MYTHOLOGY: BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE EXHIBITION “UNSEEN FORCE”

2025-01-07T15:54:14+02:00

The article analyses the role of Ukrainian resistance movements in the context of the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict, from its inception in 2014 to the present day, and their impact on the formation of Ukrainian national identity. Common historical myths that unite people and unite the community are of great importance in the process of national identification. All important historical events and phenomena in national history are mythologized and become the basis for understanding the common past and present, as well as define the main points of collective memory. All significant historical events and phenomena in national history are mythologized and become the foundation for understanding the collective past and present, as well as defining the primary elements of collective memory. Those who oppose military aggression and express their national position in territories that are temporarily occupied face significant risks, including persecution, imprisonment, and even death. As a result, such actions are often viewed within the context of heroic actions and become part of a heroic narrative. The comprehension of the concepts related to crisis situations in human life, especially in times of war, requires a certain level of understanding. However, the rationalization of these concepts is known to be quite complex and traumatic. That is why people and social groups choose alternative ways to understand them. In particular, it can be symbolized through myth or art. An analysis of the artistic reflection of resistance in temporarily occupied territories (based on the materials of the exhibition “Unseen Power”) allows us to identify new mythological constructs and their acceptance or rejection by others. The new Ukrainian heroes who are acting/ have acted during the occupation are mostly nameless, appearing through their actions, which also gives them an air of mystery and contributes to their mythologization. They are opposed not only to the enemy, but also to the profane life of an ordinary person. Exaggerating the strength, courage, cunning, and other qualities of resistance members, elevating them above ordinary people, idealizing them, making them impossible to achieve and important. The community needs these new myths because the previous history of Ukrainians in many ways appears as a controversial one, raising more unresolved issues than unifying moments. Instead, the modern movement against a common enemy and its transformation into the emotional and irrational sphere of myth is precisely the factor that integrates people into a community, forms a new political nation, and defines the features of national identity.

FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING OF FILM FESTIVALS IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

2025-01-07T15:56:42+02:00

The article is devoted to identifying the peculiarities of the organization and holding of film festivals in Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. The temporary suspension of state funding of the cinema, as well as the postponement of dates and locations of film festivals, changes in the program and format of film competitions, etc., were emphasized. The experience of international and all-Ukrainian film festivals that took place in the first year of the full-scale invasion is summarized: “New Ukrainian Wave”, LINOLEUM, Kyiv Criticism Week, DOCUDAYS UA, KMFK “Molodist”, etc., as well as regional – “Carpathian Mountain International Film Festival (CMIFF)-2022” and others. It was emphasized that the gradual revitalization of cultural and artistic life in Ukraine in 2023 and 2024, including in the film industry, was marked by the holding of the Kyiv International Film Festival “Youth”, the Odessa International Film Festival and other film events with the demonstration of the best and most relevant films. Among the peculiarities of the organization and holding of film festivals in Ukraine in the conditions of the Russian- Ukrainian war, the following were noted: sometimes extreme conditions for holding film festivals; festival programs are composed primarily of tapes shot completely or almost completely before the full-scale invasion; new feature films, documentaries or short films are mostly presented with military themes; instead of state support, the film industry relies on international support, grant programs, the involvement of international partners for the organization of film festivals, as well as charitable foundations in order to receive funding. It was noted that film festivals in Ukraine make a significant contribution to the development of young Ukrainian professional cinema, as well as contribute to the unity of society, help preserve hope and faith in the victory of the Ukrainian people in the war.

CHANGES IN THE AXIOLOGICAL CONTENT OF CULTURAL DIPLOMACY OF UKRAINE IN THE PERIOD FROM 2014–2021

2025-01-07T16:01:30+02:00

Since Ukraine gained independence, the priority in identifying the state as a full-fledged subject of international relations, as well as active European integration efforts, have led to insufficient attention being paid to an important component of foreign policy – cultural diplomacy. Aspects of the institutionalization problem are primarily due to factors such as underestimation of the potential of cultural diplomacy and the lack of a unified conceptual vision of key stakeholders. This complicates the process of assessing the results of the current policy in this area and contributes to the prolongation of the process of achieving long-term foreign policy goals. The purpose of the article is to analyze the key changes in the axiological content of Ukraine’s cultural diplomacy in the period 2014–2022. The research materials are based on the sectoral scientific developments of domestic and foreign researchers, as well as official statistics. The following scientific methods were used in the course of the study: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, structural and logical method. The article analyzes the existing approaches to the axiology of cultural diplomacy within the concepts of the period 2014–2022. The main values of cultural diplomacy in the context of the development of national culture and global intercultural communication in general are characterized. The characteristic features of the studied phenomenon are determined. The dynamics of cultural values in Ukraine in the period under study, the specifics of their relationship with social and other values are substantiated. A number of interpretations of the essence of the axiological content of cultural diplomacy in the modern concept are studied. It is proved that cultural diplomacy is an influential socio-cultural institution characterized by significant importance both for the development of the system of international relations and for the domestic cultural progress.

JAKUB GAWATOWICZ’S INTERLUDES: DILEMMAS OF INTERPRETATION

2025-01-07T16:13:30+02:00

The article is devoted to the problem of interpreting Jakub Gawatowicz’s interludes as the first Ukrainianlanguage examples of Ukrainian stage culture. Tracing the reception of Gawatowicz’s work in the publications of key researchers of baroque culture, the authors conclude that there is a significant mythologisation of Gawatowicz’s creative heritage, its misinterpretation by a number of 20th-century researchers, which has led to the ‘conservation’ of the distorted image of the baroque interlude in the Ukrainian cultural studies. An unequivocal conclusion about the place of J. Gawatowicz’s interludes in the stage art of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was made by the Polish-German cultural historian Aleksander Brückner at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. These conclusions were consistently supplemented during the first third of the 20th century, and finally took shape in the fundamental ‘History of Polish Culture’. J. Gawatowicz was not the first to use the ‘Ruska’ (Ukrainian) language as the language of the characters in interludes; this practice was widespread in Renaissance literature. The plot of the Lviv writer's main ‘Tragedy’ was not original either – Brückner traced several analogies that have come down to us not only in manuscripts but also in printed copies. In the 1970s, the Ukrainian-American literary critic George Grabowicz, referring to the work of Mykhailo Vozniak and Dmytro Chyzhevsky, concluded that the interpretations of Ukrainian literary historians were wrong not only about the content and significance of Gawatowicz’s interludes, but also about their authorship. The inclusion of Jakub Gawatowicz in the narrative of the history of Ukrainian stage culture, in our opinion, is due to the author’s origin and the Ukrainian-speaking nature of his characters, which was incorrectly perceived by Ukrainian researchers as markers of self-identification for both Gawatowicz and his characters. Instead, the Ukrainian language in the Polish baroque school drama was used to enhance the comic effect and better understand the play among the audience of fairground performances. The conclusions draw attention to the actualisation of the issue of a comprehensive textual and comparative study of Gawatowicz’s ‘Tragedy’ in order to finally demythologise the problem of the birth of Ukrainian theatre and the place of baroque school drama in this process.

ACTUALIZATION OF THE HERO ARCHETYPE IN THE PERIOD OF UKRAINIAN MILITARY RESISTANCE 2014–2024 ON THE EXAMPLE OF KYIV MURALS

2025-01-07T16:17:07+02:00

The purpose of the article is to determine how the Hero archetype is actualized in Ukrainian society by means of street art (on the example of Kyiv murals) of the military resistance period of 2014–2024, to investigate the role of the archetype in the consolidation of society. A city mural is a complex iconic object, the study of which requires both substantive and formal analysis, that are its meaningful and artistic-contextual components. Therefore, the study is based on two cultural studies paradigms – analytical-psychological and semiotic. The first one was applied to the plot analysis of the samples of Kyiv street art, which appeal to the Hero archetype and reflect the stages of the monomyth of the “Hero’s journey”. The theoretical basis here are the works of Carl Gustav Jung and Joseph Campbell. The study of semiotic aspects of Kyiv’s environmental art is based on the work of Slovenian researcher Mita Velikoni and national researchers Nadiya Mikhno, Alla Vasyurina, and Alla Klimova. The scientific novelty of the study is that it conducts a cultural analysis of samples of Kyiv street art based on analytical-psychological and semiotic paradigms to demonstrate the actualization of the Hero archetype in Ukrainian culture in the conditions of the military resistance of 2014–2024. Ukrainian murals, created during the armed resistance period of 2014–2024, are an important socio-cultural phenomenon that not only reflects the current events of our historical era but also appeals to archetypal images of national culture, in particular the Hero archetype. Kyiv murals have become an integral part of the city’s visual environment, contributing to the formation of national consciousness and memorializing and glorifying the feats of Ukrainian defenders. Thanks to the combination of aestheticization and symbolization techniques, murals broadcast monomyth episodes about the Hero's journey, thus interpreting current social and political events, which, in turn, contributes to social consolidation.

THE CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC COMPONENT OF UKRAINE'S CONFRONTATION WITH RUSSIA'S MILITARY AGGRESSION

2025-01-07T16:21:37+02:00

The article analyzes the role of art in countering Russian armed aggression. The artistic component is understood as a set of contemporary artistic practices and works aimed at countering Russian narratives, revealing the antihumanistic and genocidal nature of its aggression against Ukraine, and the activities of cultural and artistic figures in the armed confrontation with the Russian invaders. The participation of Ukrainian artists and cultural figures in confronting the enemy is seen as a component of information warfare, which allows for a highly artistic way of conveying reality and creating a positive image of the “defender” in the international cultural environment. Artistic reflexes reveal the events of the war and perform a number of functions: documentary (showing the face of war through documentary films), informational, communicative (music and theater in national resistance), patriotic (appealing to the symbol of the past in cinema), and therapeutic (psychological support). Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the occupation of territories, the destruction of cultural and civilian infrastructure, was the impetus for worldview changes, contributed to the process of Ukrainianization and the activation of national identity. The article also examines the national dimension of artistic resistance to military aggression. It is shown that the artist is faced with the task of not only being involved in the military-information confrontation, but also as a guardian and promoter of national culture, which is once again being subjected to attempts to destroy it by the aggressor state.

FORMATION OF CULTURA VALUES AND IDENTITY THROUGH MYTHOLOGICAL REPRESENTATIONS

2025-01-07T16:27:22+02:00

This work examines the role of mythology in shaping cultural values and the identity of peoples. Mythology forms a system of values that influences morality, ethics, and social norms within society. Understanding the role of mythology helps reveal how these values and identities were formed, how they influenced cultural development, and how they can affect the future development of society. It is stated that the role of mythology is crucial for a deeper understanding of the cultural heritage and identity of peoples. The historical context of the development of mythology is analyzed help us better understand social and cultural processes that took place in the past and their influence on the formation of identities and values of different peoples. It is stated that historical events had an influence on the evolution of mythological sleas. These events often created unforeseen challenges that require new explanations and understanding of rhe world. Changes in socsal conditions, religious beliefs and scientific discoveries zre also reflected in mythology, which reflected society’s adaptation and reaction to new realities. Thus, the development of mythology was often associated with religious beliefs and practices, serving as a means of transmitting religious knowledge and beliefs, recounting tales of gods, heroes, and cosmogonic events. Myths played a key role in transmitting and maintaining the values, traditions, and beliefs of different civilizations. They influenced people's worldviews and behaviors, uniting societies through common mythological images and rituals. Changing historical contexts – such as wars, trade routes, cultural interactions, and religious transformations – have influenced the evolution of mythological systems, adapting them to new realities and societal demands.

FASHION AS A REFLECTION OF NARCISSISTIC CULTURE

2025-01-07T16:30:45+02:00

The article is devoted to contemporary fashion as a reflection of narcissistic culture, given that fashion is a mirror of socio-cultural processes. The onslaught of narcissistic culture is unfolding before our eyes in contemporary space. Its carriers are not only becoming carriers of new patterns of behavior in society, but also demonstrate themselves in a special way in society. It is very important and expedient to trace these processes in the world of cultural environment transformation. Fashion always fulfills the social order of a particular society and reflects the expression of belonging to a particular group. Fashion trends and the details of these fashion trends speak about the values, ideals, tastes and common interests of the public. And it's not just about brands and certain styles of clothing, but primarily about cultural and ethical positions and beliefs. Modern people romanticize the world of reality, crave fame, and need to confirm their image by glamorizing their lives, as fashion stars do on social media. All these leading values of mass society are directly related to the narcissistic nature and structure of the personality. Fashion, which performs a social and demonstrative function, becomes a source of inspiration and dialogue in a kind of field of cultural narcissism. It reacts very sensitively to all socio-cultural changes and makes it clear to researchers that the age of mass culture is transforming into the age of narcissism with its own characteristic features. Also, we cannot ignore the peculiarities of narcissism culture because when we talk about fashion as a cultural phenomenon, we mean “modus vivendi”, a person's way of life, the way of existence and construction of their environment. The author tries to find out in this paper what cultural demands of the community today require a fashion for narcissism and what mechanisms of human defense against irritating factors of the present time are activated.

MUSIC PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY THE UKRAINIAN CULTURAL FUND (2018–2024)

2025-01-07T16:36:10+02:00

The article is devoted to music projects implemented in Ukraine with the support of the Ukrainian Cultural Fund. Analysis of the reporting documentation and archive of UCF projects made it possible to identify projects financed by the fund during 2018–2024 (“Polyphony”, International Forum of Bandura Players on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Kyiv Bandura Capella, “Bandura & World Music”, “Musical World of Ukraine”, “Sounds of Chernobyl”, “Ark of Ukraine: Music”, “Forbidden Music”, “Main Hits of Independence. 30 Years. 30 Songs. 30 Artists”, “Birth of Independence”, “Ukrainian GOPAK – on EARTH and in the SKY”, “Territory of Christmas. The Power of the Family”, etc.). It was noted that these projects were implemented at different locations (Mykhailivska Square, Kyiv, concert halls, etc.) in different cities of the country (Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Zaporizhzhia, Bucha, etc.) within the framework of various grant programs (“Resumption of cultural and artistic activity”, etc.), sectors (“Cultural heritage”) and LOTs (LOT-2 “Music”) and various formats (web resource; music album; concert: online concert, concert-“journey”, multimedia; festivals: children's, choral, folklore, contemporary, improvisational, brass, jazz music, inclusive, dedicated to the artist's work, etc.). It was emphasized that the UKF grant season for 2025 provides for five programs: “Culture during war”, “Resilience of society through culture”, “Cultural heritage”, “Culture. Regions” and “Scholarships”, within which applications for the implementation of music projects will also be considered. It was concluded that music projects (the vast majority of them are concerts and festivals), supported by the UKF, are an extremely important and effective tool for the national and regional development of culture and art. During difficult times, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war, musical projects play an important role not only in the cultural and artistic, but also in the social and psychological life of society.

THE ROLE OF THE IVAN FRANKO KYIV NATIONAL ACADEMIC DRAMA THEATER IN THE FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN THEATRICAL CULTURE IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

2025-01-07T16:38:55+02:00

The purpose of the article is to highlight the basic principles of the Ivan Franko Kyiv National Academic Drama Theater and to identify its influence on the formation of Ukrainian theatrical culture in the early twentieth century. The theater began its functioning in a difficult socio-political situation that significantly affected the course of cultural processes in Ukraine. The study highlights the prerequisites for the formation of Ukrainian theater, identifies the main problems of cultural institutions and artists at the beginning of the 20th century, which are related to the establishment of Soviet power and its oppression, censorship and control, from which the whole nation suffered. It is noted that the directions of activity and development of theatrical life were divided into two movements – those who preferred the forms of theater of “direct life correspondences” (according to Hnat Yura) and those who preferred “left” art, which established conventional forms on the stage (according to Les Kurbas). The article also pays attention to the main spectrums of development that influenced the popular recognition of the Ivan Franko Theater. Among them are repertoire policy, educational work, and the synthesis of the principles of the Theatre of Coryphaei and artistic stereotypes of the new time. An important part of the study is the characterization of the repertoire policy of the theater, which is covered in three main perspectives: polystylism, synthesis of traditions and innovations, and the direction of creativity towards realism. The main features that influenced the general theatrical culture of Ukraine in the early twentieth century are identified, including the tendency to realism and the factor of accessibility and comprehensibility for an ordinary viewer. Research methodology. The article uses a retrospective method, methods of analysis, selection, systematization and generalization. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the activities and influence of the Ivan Franko Kyiv National Academic Drama Theater through the prism of historical retrospection, with an eye to the current assessment of aspects established in Soviet times. As a result of the study, the main activities of the Ivan Franko Kyiv National Academic Drama Theater were identified and the main criteria for its influence on the Ukrainian theatrical space of the early twentieth century were outlined.

TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINIAN CINEMA IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN SOCIO-POLITICAL CHALLENGES

2025-01-07T16:41:28+02:00

The article analyses the peculiarities and challenges faced by Ukrainian cinema in the context of contemporary socio-political challenges, in particular, it analyses cinema during the period of key events of our time, such as the Orange Revolution of 2004, the Revolution of Dignity of 2014, and the Russian-Ukrainian war, which has been going on since 2014 and reached its peak in the full-scale invasion of 2022. The author examines the impact of these events on the development of the national film language and the strengthening of Ukrainian identity. It is established that Ukrainian cinema in wartime performs not only entertainment, but also documentary, historical and identification functions, helping to preserve historical memory and strengthen the national spirit. The importance of cinema as a cultural resource for supporting national identity and promoting Ukrainian culture at the international level is shown. For the first time, the key aspects affecting film production during a military conflict are systematised, in particular, the change in thematic emphasis, the role of cinema in shaping national identity and the impact on the resilience of society during the period of independent Ukraine.

THE ARCHCATHEDRAL BASILICA OF THE ASSUMPTION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY IN LVIV: HISTORY AND SACRED ART

2025-01-07T12:49:59+02:00

The aim of the study is to present the history of the Lviv Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary from its inception to the present day, as well as its sacred art. The research seeks to promote this unique monument of the Roman Catholic Church in Ukraine within the academic community. A comprehensive approach has been employed in this study, utilizing methods of scientific analysis, systematization, and generalization. The Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary has been studied by prominent scholars, including Maurycy hr. Dzieduszycki (1872), Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowicz (1835, 1899); Stanisław Zajączkowski (1924), Tadeusz Mańkowski (1974), Olga Kozubska (2004), Roman Catholic Bishop Marian Buczek and lecturer at the Lviv Theological Seminary Ihor Sedelnyk (2004), Jakub Adamski, Marcin Biernat, Jan K. Ostrowski, Jerzy T. Petrus (2013), among others. The Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lviv (second half of the 14th century – 1481) became the first cathedral on Ukrainian soil to receive the status of a Minor Basilica in 1910. In 1760, under the patronage of Archbishop Wacław Sierakowski, architect Piotr Polejowski remodeled the cathedral in the Baroque style. During the renovation, many of the old altars and chapels were dismantled and rebuilt. Since 1776, the cathedral has held the status of a Sanctuary of the Merciful Mother of God, and since 1948, a Sanctuary of Divine Mercy. The building holds great religious significance and historical value. The Lviv Basilica is an architectural monument of national importance (Protection № 316/0). The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the collection and presentation of scholarly information about the history of the Lviv Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a unique monument of sacred art in Lviv. The presentation of the history of the Lviv Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary is of utmost importance for promoting the sacred art of the Roman Catholic Church in Ukraine and worldwide.

CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA AS CENTRES OF UKRAINIAN IDENTITY IN THE 20–30S OF THE 20TH CENTURY (BASED ON MATERIALS OF THE EMIGRATION MAGAZINE “TRYZUB”)

2025-01-07T12:53:28+02:00

The article analyzes the role of cultural and educational institutions of the Ukrainian diaspora in the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century as centers of preservation of national identity. During this period, Ukrainians who were forced to emigrate due to political and social upheavals faced challenges in preserving their culture and national consciousness. The article examines how, in the difficult conditions of exile, the Ukrainian diaspora created cultural and educational centers that became centers for the revival of national memory and the maintenance of Ukrainian identity. Based on the materials of the emigration publication “Tryzub”, the author traces the activities of various educational, scientific, and cultural institutions that functioned outside Ukraine and played a key role in the formation of the national community. The author analyzes the impact of cultural initiatives on the consolidation of the Ukrainian diaspora. The author examines measures to popularize Ukrainian culture in Europe, the organization of scientific meetings, lectures, emigrant congresses, and the publication of scientific works in Ukrainian and other languages. A significant place is occupied by an analysis of the activities of educational institutions that have become centers of intellectual and cultural activity. The activities of these institutions helped unite Ukrainians around common national values, supported cultural heritage, ensured scientific development, and educated new generations in the spirit of patriotism. These examples show that even in the difficult conditions of emigration, education and science remained important priorities for Ukrainians, contributing to the preservation of national consciousness and preparation for the restoration of statehood. The article concludes that cultural and educational initiatives were important for sustaining the Ukrainian nation in the face of dispersion, emphasizing that these centers served as important tools for preserving national memory and identity. In this context, the author emphasizes the unique role of the emigration publication “Tryzub”, which not only documented events but also shaped the information space of the Ukrainian diaspora, contributing to the spread of the national idea and uniting the community around common ideals.

THE ELITE OF RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN THE MATERIALS OF THE DISTRICT COURT: A MICROHISTORICAL DIMENSION IN THE CONTEXT OF EVERYDAY LIFE

2025-01-07T14:07:03+02:00

The object of the article is to analyze the judicial and investigative practice of Uman County Court to find out the reasons for taking to court the representatives of the ruling and wealthy elite of the society at that time. Such materials are a valuable source of information for local, regional and everyday history and serve to personify history and expand its human-centrism. The reasons for taking nobles, gentry, landowners and merchants to court can serve as a kind of marker of the public morality state. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the materials of Uman County Court were comprehensively used, which complements the knowledge about the competence of the county courts, confirms their comprehensiveness, expands the boundaries of understanding the internal life of society and sheds light on the relations between different layers of society and the state. It was found that representatives of the privileged top of society were brought to justice. Out of 1817 court cases for the years 1800–1872, the archive of Uman County Court contains 111 cases brought against the nobles, the Potocki family, the gentry, landowners and merchants. The reasons for court proceedings were most often debt collection, minor offenses (theft, forgery of documents, issuance of false certificates, seizure of land, hayfields, forest areas), illegal acquisition of other people's property, fights, beatings, living in fornication, voluntary transfer to foreign citizenship. They were brought to court for living without a “residence permit”, for hiding fugitive recruits, deserters, for violating the terms of contracts, for supplying low-quality goods. Court cases were conducted against the Potocki family for seizing other people’s property and for supporting the Polish patriotic movement. The division of property between heirs, assessment of the economic condition of estates, provision of information on the estates and solvency of their owners were also part of the judicial and investigative practice of Uman County Court. It is noted that the materials of the court archive are a valuable historical source that requires comprehensive research. Thus, the information about the defendant’s farm or property, which can supplement the agrarian and social history of Ukraine, was delayed in court cases. They have various references with economic statistics. The materials of the judicial and investigative practice of the county court contain personal data of the participants of the historical process of the specified chronological boundaries. The reasons for bringing people who enjoyed livelihood privileges to justice can serve as a peculiar marker of society’s morality.

TEACHERS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AT THE GLUKHIV STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY – MECHYSLAV ZAREMSKYI, VALERY BELASHOV, VIKTOR ZAYKA: PROSOPOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT

2025-01-07T14:10:32+02:00

The article is dedicated to the scientific and pedagogical activity of representatives of the historical and philosophical school of the Glukhiv National Pedagogical University named after Oleksandr Dovzhenka, who graduated from the department of history, legal studies and teaching methods. The work is based on the analysis of the contribution of three outstanding scientists – Mechyslav Zaremskyi, Valery Belashov and Viktor Zayka – to the development of Ukrainian historical science, philosophy, local history and the preservation of cultural heritage. It is emphasized that the activities of these scientists contributed to the establishment of the department as an important scientific and educational center focused on the study of the history of Ukraine, philosophical thought and pedagogical methodology. Mechyslav Zaremskyi, one of the founders of the school, specialized in the philosophy of science and methodology, creating educational programs for students that contributed to the expansion of the philosophical approach to philosophy as a scientific discipline. Mychyslav Yosypovych took an active part in public projects, popularizing the Ukrainian philosophical tradition and cultural achievements of his native land, which emphasizes his contribution to the enrichment of public life and the education of a nationally conscious intelligentsia. It is emphasized that Valery Belashov’s historical research focused on the history of Glukhov, its role as the hetman's capital and the cultural center of Left Bank Ukraine in the 18th century. It is noted that the teacher was also actively involved in local history, publishing numerous works on the history of the Hlukhiv region, which increased the importance of regional history in the all-Ukrainian context. His works contribute to the preservation of the cultural memory of the local population and emphasize the role of the Deaf in the history of Ukraine. It is noted that Viktor Zayka made a significant contribution to the research of the historical and cultural heritage of Sumy Oblast. He initiated the creation of monument protection organizations, organized local history events and acted as an active popularizer of national monuments. His activity contributed not only to the preservation of historical artifacts, but also to the strengthening of the cultural identity of the Glukhiv community. In general, the article demonstrates the importance of the historical and philosophical school of Glukhiv University as an important scientific and cultural center that contributes to the formation of a new generation of Ukrainian scientists.

CLASSIFICATION AND TYPOLOGY OF COIN FINDS IN NUMISMATIC TREASURY STUDIES

2025-01-07T14:13:19+02:00

The purpose of the article is to highlight the theoretical problems of numismatic treasury studies regarding the classification and typology of coin finds. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study are outlined by general scientific methods of formal logic, analysis, synthesis, typologization, and classification, which the author uses to group various categories of real, coin-real, and coin finds. To justify the choice of classification features for grouping numismatic monuments, the author uses the structural-functional method of historical science and the historical-comparative method, as well as special numismatic methods. Scientific Novelty. The author proposes and theoretically substantiates a typology and classification of real, coin-real, and coin finds. Conclusions. The current state of treasury research in numismatics actualizes theoretical problems related to the development of a typology of coin finds and classification schemes for numismatic sources-found single coins and their local groups, coin complexes, and treasures. Despite their typological and species diversity, finds of single coins and treasures have a universal character determined by the nature of their origin. With such a variety of numismatic monuments, the success of their study directly depends on the level of differentiation and systematization of this source material. Despite various approaches proposed by archaeologists, historians, and numismatists for grouping coin finds and treasures and various attempts at their classification, this task remains one of the most relevant in the theory of numismatics. In our opinion, it is quite justified to divide the entire collection of treasures and coin finds into three typological groups: real, coin-real, and coin. Moreover, the subject of numismatic treasury studies is not only coin-real and coin treasures but also some part of the material treasures of so-called commodity money – objects that, in different historical periods and in different circumstances, performed the function of the equivalent of the value of goods on the market. We consider the nature of the emergence of treasures to be the basic classification feature for grouping coin finds. We are now talking about the essential content of the processes that led to the very fact of thesaurization of money and their falling into treasures. In this regard, we divide all known coin finds into three types: 1) finds of economic origin; 2) cult finds; 3) finds of extraordinary circumstances. Based on the criterion of the number of coins and objects present in the finds, we divide real finds into three types: single finds, real complexes, and real treasures. Among coinreal finds, we distinguish coin-real complexes and coin-real treasures. We classify coin finds into four types: finds of single coins, coin complexes ("wallets"), local groups of coins, and treasures.