DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN HIGHER AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN EMIGRATION IN THE 20-30S OF THE 20TH CENTURY ON THE TERRITORY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Abstract

The article examines the issues of the formation of approaches to the education of Ukrainians in emigration at the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, the active development of agricultural education, as well as the contribution of individual scientists to the formation of Ukrainian education. Based on the application of problemchronological and historical-system methods and analysis, the features of the formation of Ukrainian agrarian scientific thought in the context of the activities of the Ukrainian scientific community abroad, as a separate phenomenon of European society in the first half of the 20th century, are highlighted. Based on archival documents and published materials, the social and political features (circumstances) of the life of Ukrainian scientists in emigration, which determined the history of the creation and activities of the Ukrainian Free University (UFU) and the Ukrainian Economic Academy (UEA) in Czechoslovakia in the context of their functioning as higher schools in the traditions of Ukrainian free science, culture and patriotism, are analyzed. The social, political, and social prerequisites for the emergence of Ukrainian higher education institutions abroad are highlighted, the key conditions for their successful scientific activity and the results of their activities that had an impact on agricultural science in Ukraine, the Czech Republic, and beyond are explored. The gradual emergence of Ukrainian educational institutions abroad, the influence of external factors on this process, such as the favor of foreign governments, their political and economic support in different periods from the 1920s to the beginning of the second half of the 1930s, is analyzed. A significant ideological component is highlighted both among the teaching staff of Ukrainian higher education institutions in emigration and among students who dreamed of returning to their homeland with the knowledge they had gained in them to build their own state. The conclusions emphasize that among patriotic Ukrainian scientists of the first half of the 20th century, there were firm convictions about the need for the presence of Ukrainian specialists, figures, the press and scientists in the European social, scientific and political space in order to freely carry the Ukrainian view on certain events among other peoples of the world. Such an approach at one time gave its positive results and caused many positive changes in the attitude of other peoples of Europe and the world to the idea of Ukrainian statehood.