GLOBALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CIVILIZATION APPROACH TO SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT IN THE ХХІ CENTURY

Abstract

The article examines the civilizational approach to globalization processes based on the analysis of scientific works by Yu. Harari, K. Popper, F. Fukuyama, A. Toynbee, and S. Huntington. It has been found that Yu. Harari acknowledges the existence of only one global civilization in the world, noting the gradual reduction of disagreements between communities while preserving individual cultural characteristics. Similar views are held by F. Fukuyama, who also recognizes the existence of a single global world civilization and considers globalization as the ultimate form of socio-cultural evolution. K. Popper acknowledges that modern society should be built on the principles of globalization and include the entire spectrum of ideologies/thoughts/concepts, which should be perceived by society as a whole. A. Toynbee considers history as a system of coexistence and interaction of civilizations, which he interprets as a super-society of people united primarily by a value system based on religious affiliation. S. Huntington views civilization as a cultural community of the highest rank, the most general association of people based on cultural identity. According to him, the process of globalization will contribute to the highlighting of civilizations, that is, to increasing points of contact between different communities, which, on the one hand, will lead to the unification of communities belonging to the same civilization, and, on the other hand, – to an understanding of their differences from communities belonging to another civilization. A. Spengler holds opposite views, claiming the impossibility of building a single world civilization with common values, identical political and economic structures. Since the degree of approximation of any theory to truth is confirmed by its predictive component, it has been established that, based on today’s realities, the model of S. Huntington has more manifestations in existing realities and in the dynamics of the last three decades. Attention is focused on the fact that globalization represents a complex dualistic process that contains elements of integration of the global political, diplomatic, financial, and informational space, while simultaneously sharpening values, cultural differences, and historical contradictions.