ANIMALS IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR

Abstract

The First World War was not only one of the largest military conflicts in world history, but also an example of the large-scale use of animals to achieve strategic goals. The article examines the role of animals in supporting the war effort and their impact on the course of the war. The author reveals how different types of animals, including dogs, pigeons, and even exotic animals, performed key tasks, from transporting ammunition to transmitting messages. For example, camels provided transport in the deserts of North Africa and the Middle East. Their endurance allowed for long marches without the need for frequent water. Significant attention is paid to the analysis of the role of dogs in search and rescue operations and their contribution to the moral support of soldiers. The article also discusses pigeons, which ensured the continuity of communication, which was critical in the conditions of chaos and isolation of combat units. The article analyses the ethical aspect of the use of animals in war, including their suffering, difficult working conditions and the level of recognition of their contribution. It is emphasised that the contribution of animals was not limited to functional tasks, they also played the role of symbols of courage, loyalty and self-sacrifice that inspired soldiers. Animals served as a source of emotional support, reminding them of home and a quiet life. A dog sitting next to them in a trench or a pigeon bringing vital information evoked a sense of hope. There are stories of soldiers who even wrote letters home, mentioning their animal companions. The results of the study show that the use of animals in warfare has become an important lesson for future conflicts. This topic remains relevant because it helps to better understand the interaction between humans and nature in critical conditions. The practical value of the article lies in highlighting little-known facts about the participation of animals in war, which contributes to the preservation of historical memory and a humanistic approach to understanding military conflicts.