BARBARIAN ON THE THRONE: APOCRYPHAL TALES OF PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA ABOUT EMPEROR JUSTINIAN I (527–565)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31392/cult.alm.2025.4.40Keywords:
Byzantium, Eastern Roman Empire, Justinian I, Code of Justinian, “Nika” revolt, Wars of Justinian, Justinianic Plague, socio-cultural syntheses, life-creationAbstract
The article covers the life and reign of Emperor Justinian I, who ruled the Eastern Roman Empire from 527 to 565. Analyzing his reign, often defined as a golden age, the article examines his influence on European civilization, particularly through his legislative initiatives, efforts to restore the empire, and relations with culture, politics, and religion. The primary information about Justinian is provided by the works of the historian Procopius, which contain a contrasting assessment of his activities. The significance of important works, such as “The Wars”, “The Secret History”, and “On Buildings”, is discussed. The article analyzes Justinian’s reign, including his military campaigns, legislation (Corpus Juris Civilis), cultural and religious policies, as well as his personal relationship with his wife Theodora. Emphasis is placed on how Justinian formed the foundations for the modern legal system, and on his relationship with the people through circus spectacles and political parties. Additionally, his image as a ruler is examined based on the works of Procopius, which present contradictory views of his regime. The assessment of Justinian’s reign remains a complex topic, as his achievements and shortcomings provoke controversy. He demonstrated strategic mastery in military campaigns but also faced internal problems and religious conflicts. Despite the harshness of his rule, he left a significant legal legacy, and his personality became a symbol of the complexity of Byzantine history. Justinian I, who was honored even by his successors, remains an important figure in history, marked by both great achievements and serious flaws. The complex image of the emperor, which evoked both admiration and criticism, continues to hold the interest of historians and connoisseurs of the ancient past worldwide.
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